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1.
European J Med Plants ; 2022 Oct; 33(10): 33-44
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219515

ABSTRACT

Agroforestry systems are examples of soil exploration that is closer to the natural form of the forest, with intercropping of several species within an area, thus being sustainable alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the weed community in agroforestry systems in two ecosystems: solid ground and floodplain in the state of Pará. Such collections were made in eight areas, with about one hectare each, cultivated in agroforestry systems, four of which are on dry land and four on floodplains, in the rural area of Cametá-PA. Four plots of one square meter per area were randomly sampled, where the species were identified, counted, and taken to weigh to evaluate the weed community. Among the evaluated environments, the species that stood out the most in the solid ground environment was Kyllinga brevifolia, leading most of the evaluated indices. In the lowland ecosystem, the Brachiaria species purpuracens were the most relevant.

2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1287-1293, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355687

ABSTRACT

The social and economic roles of goat farming in Northeastern Brazil, allied to the fact that the use of goat middle ear ossicles for research and human ear surgery training has not yet been proposed, justify the study of their applicability as an experimental model. The middle ears of 19 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from the bone collection of the Laboratory and Didactic Anatomy Museum of Domestic and Wild Animals of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) were dissected. The malleus, incus, and stapes were evaluated regarding their macroscopic morphology and biometry (length, width, and height). Ossicle morphology was similar to sheep, human, and bovine morphology. The malleus was 1.3 times heavier and 2.2 times longer than the incus, and 9.0 times heavier and 3.7 times longer than the stapes. The size relationship was positive between the stapes and the malleus and negative between the stapes and the incus. It is concluded that the middle ear size and the anatomical similarities with human ossicles make goats a useful model for experimental scientific studies, reconstructive surgery practice of the ossicular chain, and human ear surgery training.(AU)


Tanto o papel social quanto o econômico da caprinocultura na região Nordeste do Brasil, somados ao fato de que o uso de ossículos da orelha média de caprinos para estudos e treinamento cirúrgico otológico humano ainda não foi proposto, justificam o estudo de sua aplicabilidade como modelo experimental. Foram dissecadas as orelhas médias de 19 caprinos (Capra aegagrus hircus), provenientes do ossuário do Laboratório e Museu Didático de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. Martelos, bigornas e estribos tiveram a morfologia macroscópica e a biometria (comprimento, largura e altura) avaliadas. A morfologia dos ossículos assemelhou-se a de ovinos, humanos e bovinos. O martelo foi 1,3 vez mais pesado e 2,2 vezes mais comprido que a bigorna e 9,0 vezes mais pesado e 3,7 vezes mais comprido que o estribo. A relação de tamanho entre o estribo e o martelo foi positiva, e entre o estribo e a bigorna negativa. Conclui-se que o tamanho da orelha média e as semelhanças anatômicas com os ossículos humanos tornam os caprinos um modelo útil para estudos científicos experimentais, prática cirúrgica reconstrutiva da cadeia ossicular e treinamento cirúrgico otológico humano.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Stapes/anatomy & histology , Goats/anatomy & histology , Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology , Incus/anatomy & histology , Malleus/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Models, Animal
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(2): 411-418, Mar./Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128328

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho investigou a influência da adiposidade em éguas Crioulas gestantes sobre o peso e o acúmulo de gordura de seus potros do nascimento aos quatro meses de vida. Foram avaliadas 28 éguas Crioulas no terço final de gestação, divididas em dois grupos (normais e obesas) quanto ao peso, à circunferência de pescoço, à altura da crista do pescoço e à gordura subcutânea na base da cauda, bem como quanto à relação dessas medidas com as de seus potros, do parto aos 120 dias de idade. Os filhos de éguas obesas apresentaram maior deposição de gordura na base da cauda, no segundo mês (P<0,05), e na crista do pescoço (P=0,0022), no quarto mês de idade. Houve correlação positiva da altura da crista do pescoço da égua com o peso dos potros ao nascer (P=0,01; r= 0,54) e do peso corporal das éguas com gordura na base da cauda dos potros ao nascimento (P=0,03; r=0,49), além de forte associação entre gordura na base da cauda das éguas obesas com essa medida nos seus potros aos quatro meses (P=0,01; r=0,71). Essa diferença entre os grupos de potros quanto à adiposidade sugere que filhos de éguas obesas são mais propensos a acumular mais gordura já nos primeiros meses de vida.(AU)


This work investigated the influence of adiposity on pregnant Crioulo mares on the weight and fat deposition of their foals from birth to four months of life. Twenty-eight Crioulo mares were evaluated during the final third of gestation, divided into two groups (normal and obese) regarding weight, neck circumference, neck crest height and fat at the tail base, and the relation of these measurements with those of their foals from birth to 120 days old. The obese mares presented higher fat deposition at the tail base in the 2nd month (P< 0.05) and crest of the neck (P= 0.0022) in the 4th month of age. There was positive correlation between height of mare's neck crest and foal weight at birth (P= 0.01, r= 0.54) and body weight of mares between the fat at tail base of foals at birth (P= 0.03, r= 0.49), as well as strong association between fat at the tail base in obese mares with this measurement in their foals at 4 months (P= 0.01, r= 0.71). This difference of adiposity between groups suggests that obese mare's offspring are more likely to accumulate more fat in the first months of life.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Body Weight , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Subcutaneous Fat , Horses/anatomy & histology , Animals, Newborn/anatomy & histology , Adipose Tissue , Heredity , Obesity, Maternal/genetics
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(2): 263-272, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989458

ABSTRACT

Abstract The distribution of most species occurs in delimited regions with unique characteristics called "centers of endemism". In Eastern Amazon is located the Belém Endemism Center (BEC), one of the most intensely deforested in Brazilian Amazon. Here, we show information about orchid bee assemblages based on historical records from entomological collections. For each species, we calculated occurrence frequency and dominance, and we classified them in 3 statuses: common, intermediate or rare species. Curves of observed and estimated richness were built, based on Jackknife estimator. We found 1,257 specimens from 56 species, constituting records from 1917 to 2009, and one species is a new record for BEC. Higher number of specimens and species was concentrated in a few locations and surveys increased from the 70's. The results suggest a high richness of orchid bees in the BEC, although this scenario is far from what is expected for the entire area. The high occurrence of rare species may be related to their low representativeness in the collections, and the proximity between the areas had favored samplings. Even so, the species list and the conservation status presented here may be useful information in studies comparing past and current orchid bee fauna, and, allied to data on bees' responses to land use changes occurred in BEC over the years, can fit as a basis for defining priority areas for conservation.


Resumo A distribuição da maioria das espécies ocorre em regiões delimitadas com características únicas conhecidas como "centros de endemismo". Na Amazônia Oriental está localizado o Centro de Endemismo Belém (CEB), uma das áreas mais intensivamente desmatadas na Amazônia Brasileira. Aqui, apresentamos informações sobre assembleias de abelhas orquídeas baseadas em registros históricos de coleções entomológicas. Para cada espécie, foram calculadas a frequência de ocorrência e a dominância, classificando-as em 3 estados: espécies comuns, intermediárias ou raras. Foram geradas curvas de riqueza observada e estimada, com base no estimador Jackknife. Encontramos 1.257 espécimes de 56 espécies, constituindo registros de 1917 a 2009, e uma espécie é um novo registro no CEB. Maior número de espécimes e espécies foi concentrado em poucos locais, com intensificação nas coletas a partir dos anos70. Os resultados sugerem alta riqueza de abelhas orquídeas no CEB, embora esse cenário esteja longe do que é esperado para toda a área. A elevada ocorrência de espécies raras pode estar relacionada à baixa representatividade nas coleções e a proximidade entre as áreas favoreceu as amostragens. Mesmo assim, a lista de espécies e o estado de conservação aqui apresentados podem ser informações úteis em estudos interessados em comparar a fauna passada e atual de abelhas das orquídeas e, aliado a dados sobre as respostas das abelhas às mudanças de uso da terra ocorridas no CEB ao longo dos anos, podem servir de base para definição de áreas prioritárias para conservação.


Subject(s)
Animals , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Bees/classification , Bees/physiology , Brazil , Endangered Species , Conservation of Natural Resources
5.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis ; (6): 143-155, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-753357

ABSTRACT

The development of biotechnology-based active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as GLP-1 analogs, brought changes in type 2 diabetes treatment options. For better therapeutic efficiency, these active pharmaceutical ingredients require appropriate administration, without the development of adverse effects or toxicity. Therefore, it is required to develop several quantification methods for GLP-1 analogs products, in order to achieve the therapeutic goals, among which ELISA and HPLC arise. These methods are developed, optimized and validated in order to determine GLP-1 analogs, not only in final formu-lation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, but also during preclinical and clinical trials assessment. This review highlights the role of ELISA and HPLC methods that have been used during the assessment for GLP-1 analogs, especially for exenatide.

6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 843-849, maio-jun. 2018. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911619

ABSTRACT

Feather samples were obtained from the following Psittaciformes birds: Amazona amazonica, Amazona aestiva, Aratinga jandaya, Brotogeris spp., Ara ararauna and Ara chloropterus (total of 37 individuals). These birds were housed at the Wild Animal Screening Center of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil. Four feathers were taken from the following regions: head, back, wings, belly/breast, thighs, and tail/covert. Mites were found on 17 birds (45.94%). Astigmatid mites belonging to the genera Fainalges (Xolalgidae), Chiasmalges (Psoroptoididae) and Tanyaralichus (Pterolichidae) were identified. The highest dominance coefficient was for the mite Fainalges sp. (DC= 96.29). Chiasmalges sp. was obtained only from Ara chloropterus, and Tanyaralichus was found in A. aestiva. The genus Fainalges was obtained from all the species of Psittaciformes studied, except for A. ararauna. In evaluating mite density according to body region, statistical differences were found between the back and wing regions (P= 0.041), back and thighs (P= 0.02), wings and tail (P= 0.002), belly and tail (P= 0.031) and thighs and tail (P= 0.001). The morphological variations observed in Fainalges spp. suggested the existence of three species that probably have not been described yet. This was the first record of the genus Tanyaralichus in Brazil.(AU)


As amostras de penas foram obtidas das seguintes aves da ordem Psittaciformes: Amazona amazonica, Amazona aestiva, Aratinga jandaya, Brotogeris spp., Ara ararauna e Ara chloropterus, totalizando 37 aves, alojadas no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Colheram-se quatro penas de cada uma das regiões: cabeça, dorso, asas, ventre/peito, coxas e cauda/crisso. Verificou-se a presença de ácaros em 17 aves (45,94%). Foram identificados ácaros Astigmata, pertencentes aos gêneros Fainalges (Xolalgidae), Chiasmalges (Psoroptoididae) e Tanyaralichus (Pterolichidae), sendo o maior coeficiente de dominância correspondente ao ácaro Fainalges sp. (CD= 96,29). Chiasmalges sp. foi obtido apenas de Ara chloropterus, e Tanyaralichus foi encontrado em A. amazônica. O gênero Fainalges foi obtido de todas as espécies de Psittaciformes estudadas, exceto em A. ararauna. Na avaliação da densidade de ácaros por região do corpo, verificou-se diferença estatística entre regiões dorsal e asas (P= 0,041), dorsal e coxas (P= 0,02), asas e caudal (P=0,002), ventral e caudal (P= 0,031) e coxas e caudal (P= 0,001). Variações morfológicas observadas em Fainalges spp., sugerem a existência de três espécies provavelmente ainda não descritas. Este é o primeiro registro do gênero Tanyaralichus no Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Acari/pathogenicity , Mite Infestations , Psittaciformes/metabolism
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(1): 264-268, jan.-fev. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-836719

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify the parasitologycal aspects of fish (Hoplias malabaricus), coming from São Bento city, Maranhão state. For this, 70 fish were used, verifying the parasitism indexes and coefficients. For the parasitological results nematodeos were identified, with zoonotical potential of the Contracaecum spp, Pseudoterranova spp, Eustrongylides spp; monogenetics Gyrodactirus spp, Dactylogirus spp and larva Acanthella of Acanthocephalo. Of the 70 (100%) fishes, 64 (91.4%) were sponged, with prevalence of 82.8% (58) for the nematodeo Contracaecum spp, 65.7% (46), Pseudoterranova spp, 7.1% (5), Eustrongylides spp, 71.4% (50), monogenetics and larva Acanthella of Acantocephalo, respectively. A maior amplitude de intensidade (1-30), coeficiente de variação foi verificado para o nematódeo Pseudoterranova spp., a intensidade média (7,3), índice de abundância (6,7), coeficiente de dominância (36,4) foi ao Contacaecum spp., todos os parasitos estavam no mesentério da cavidade abdominal, encistados em forma larval.The largest intensity width (1-30), variation coefficient was verified for the nematodeo Pseudoterranova spp, the medium intensity (7,3), abundance index (6,7), dominance coefficient (36,4) it went to the Contacaecum spp, all of the parasites were in the mesenterio of the abdominal cavity, encysted in larval form. The results show that fish from this region presented unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in parasitological aspect and can expose consumers to the risks of foodborne illnesses.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes/parasitology , Nematoda , Parasite Load/veterinary
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(3): 645-655, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785027

ABSTRACT

Abstract Considering the physiological importance and need of greater morphophysiological knowledge of adrenal glands, the aims of present study were compare the morphometric data between left and right adrenal of male and female; perform a histological, scanning and transmission electron microscopy study showing tissue constitution of glands; finally, in order to define the presence and correct site of the cytochrome P450c17 expression in adrenal glands, immunohistochemical study of this enzyme was performed in 18 adrenal glands (right n=9 and left n=9) of nine adult Galea spixii (four males and five females). Right adrenal was more cranially positioned than left adrenal; dimensions (weight, length and width) of right adrenal was larger than left adrenal; no differences between male and female body and adrenal measurements were found; the morphology of cells and different amounts of lipid droplets may be related to the different demands of steroid hormones production, related to each zone of the adrenal cortex; and, the cytochrome P450c17 immunolocalization in fasciculate and reticular zone may be related with synthesis of 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone or androstenedione.


Resumo Considerando a importância fisiológica e a necessidade de melhor conhecimento morfofisiológico das glândulas adrenais, os objetivos do presente estudo foram comparar dados morfométricos entre adrenais direitas e esquerdas de machos e fêmeas; realizar estudos histológicos e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão revelando a constituição tecidual das glândulas; finalmente, foi realizado estudo imunohistoquímico com objetivo de definir a presença e correto sítio de expressão da citocromo P450c17 nas glândulas adrenais em 18 glândulas adrenais (direita n=9 e esquerda n=9) de nove Galea spixii adultos (quatro machos e cinco fêmeas). A glândula adrenal direita estava posicionada mais cranialmente que a adrenal esquerda; as dimensões (peso, comprimento e largura) da glândula adrenal direita foram maiores que as da esquerda; não houve diferença entre as medidas corpóreas e das adrenais entre machos e fêmeas; a morfologia das células e diferentes quantidades de gotículas lipídicas podem estar relacionadas a diferentes demandas na produção de hormônios esteroides relacionados a cada zona do córtex adrenal; e, a imunolocalização da citocromo P450 na zona fasciculada e reticular pode estar relacionado com a síntese de 17-hidroxi-pregnenolona, 17-hidroxi-progesterona, dehidroepiandrosterona ou androstenediona.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rodentia/anatomy & histology , Adrenal Glands/anatomy & histology , Guinea Pigs
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(6): 1653-1659, nov.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-768149

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da inclusão da torta de macaúba (TM) na dieta sobre a concentração e o perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen. Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas, dispostas em dois quadrados latinos 4x4 e alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão da TM (0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de matéria seca na dieta total). Para quantificação e identificação dos protozoários, amostras de 1mL do líquido ruminal de cada animal foram diluídas em 9mL de solução de formaldeído a 10%. Após diluições decimais sucessivas em solução salina, os protozoários foram quantificados em câmara de Sedgewick. A identificação foi realizada sob a luz da microscopia óptica, utilizando-se a objetiva de 40x para caracterizar o mínimo de 100 indivíduos por amostra. As concentrações de protozoários pequenos (P<0,01), médios (P=0,05), grandes (P=0,01) e o número total (P<0,01) apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da TM nas dietas. Foram encontradas características morfológicas típicas de 16 gêneros de protozoários ciliados, sendo os gêneros Entodinium e Eodinium os mais frequentes no líquido ruminal dos animais avaliados. O perfil da população de protozoários ciliados sofreu pequenas alterações com a inclusão da TM, sendo observada alteração na participação percentual dos gêneros Charonina (P = 0,03) e Polyplastron (P<0,01). A utilização da TM na dieta de bovinos promove redução na concentração e modificação no perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen.


The effects of meal macaúba (MM) inclusion on the concentration and profile of the ciliate protozoa of the bovine rumen were evaluated. Eight Holstein cows were used during second lactation, with average 480 kg of body weight, arranged in two 4x4 Latin squares simultaneously and fed four diets with different concentrations of the MM (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1). For identification and quantification of protozoa, samples of ruminal fluid from each animal with 1 ml were diluted in 9mL of 10% formaldehyde. After consecutive decimal dilutions in saline solution, protozoa were assessed in a Sedgewick chamber. The identification was carried out under the optical light microscope using a 40x objective to characterize at least 100 individuals per sample. The concentrations of small (P<0.01), medium (P=0.05), large (P= 0.01), and the total number (P<0.01) of protozoa decreased linearly with the increasing MM inclusion. Morphological characteristics typical of 16 genera of ciliates were found, being the Entodinium spp. and Eodinium spp. the most frequent in the rumen fluid of animals evaluated. The profile of the population of ciliated protozoa suffer minor changes with the addition of MM, with a change in the percentage share of Charonina spp. (P = 0.03) and Polyplastron spp. (P <0.01). The use of the MM in the cattle diet promotes reduction in the concentration and change in the profile of the population of rumen ciliates protozoa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Ciliophora , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/microbiology , Rumen/microbiology , Animal Husbandry/methods , Lipids/analysis
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(4,supl.2): 980-991, 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-771165

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca das espécies da família Verbenaceae utilizadas na medicina popular nas diversas regiões do Brasil. Os trabalhos acadêmicos utilizados para elaboração desta pesquisa foram extraídos de revistas indexadas junto ao Scielo publicadas no período de 2000 a 2012, sendo também realizada busca no Google acadêmico. Os dados foram compilados e organizados em ordem alfabética por espécies, seguidas do nome popular, forma de uso, parte usada, indicações e área de estudo. Foram encontrados um total de 85 publicações indicando 55 espécies distribuídas em oito gêneros. A espécie com maior número de citações foi Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br., com 56 registros. Das plantas descritas na literatura, a folha foi o órgão mais citado como parte usada e o chá, o modo de preparo mais utilizado. Dentre as categorias de indicações medicinais, as plantas que mereceram destaque foram às relacionadas ao tratamento das doenças do sistema respiratório e digestório. Constatou-se que o Rio de Janeiro foi o estado que contou com o maior número de publicações na área. O uso de plantas medicinais está cada vez mais presente entre as diversas comunidades. Com isso, as informações contidas neste trabalho servirão para auxiliar na elaboração de banco de dados sobre o modo de uso das plantas pertencentes à família Verbenaceae com potencial medicinal encontradas nos Estados brasileiros.


ABSTRACT The current work aimed to conduct a literature review about the Verbenaceae family species used in popular medicine in different regions of Brazil. The academic papers employed for the preparation of this research were taken from journals indexed by the Scielo published from 2000 to 2012, and a research in Google scholar tool was also performed. The data were compiled and organized alphabetically by species, followed by the popular name, manner of use, employed part, indications and study area. A total of 85 publications indicating 55 species were found and distributed into eight genera. The species with the highest number of citations was the Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br., with 56 records. From the plants described in the literature, the leaf was the most cited part of the vegetables, and the tea was the most widely used preparation method. Among the categories of medicinal recommendations, the highlighted plants were the ones related to the treatment of diseases of the respiratory and the digestive systems. It was observed that Rio de Janeiro was the state in which the largest number of publications in the area was concentrated. The use of medicinal plants is increasingly present among several communities. Thus, the information in this work will be applied to assist in database development on how to use the plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae with medicinal potential found in Brazilian states.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/classification , Verbenaceae/classification , Medicine, Traditional , Brazil , Residence Characteristics
11.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-737690

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o efeito da reestruturação da Assistência Farmacêutica (AssistFar) no município de Aracaju-SE. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo longitudinal, de fevereiro a junho de 2011. Para avaliação da Assistência Farmacêutica foi utilizado um banco de dados documental, gerado pelo "Sistema de Controle de Administração de Materiais" e aplicaram-se os indicadores do Instrumento de Auto-Avaliação para o Planejamento da Assistência Farmacêutica (IAPAF) do ?Planejar é Preciso?, que aborda tópicos de acordo com o ?Ciclo da Assistência Farmacêutica?. A aplicação do instrumento foi realizada em três momentos na prática da AssistFar no município de Aracaju. Para análise de cada indicador levou-se em consideração os níveis de qualidade classificados de 1 a 3, sendo o nível 3 o melhor estágio. A maioria dos resultados evidenciou o fortalecimento da gestão após a criação de procedimentos e a inclusão de estratégias de monitoramento dos indicadores de avaliação no plano municipal de saúde. As etapas de institucionalização dos serviços perante a gestão foram as que apresentaram os melhores resultados. Enquanto que a etapa de prescrição foi considerada a mais crítica do processo. Os dados mostram que a falta de ações de desenvolvimento da AssistFar contribuíram para a presença de resultados insatisfatórios, principalmente nas etapas de prescrição e dispensação, sinalizando a necessidade de elaborar uma estratégia de gestão que vise sua reformulação. Neste cenário, é preciso incorporar às equipes de saúde mais farmacêuticos que atuem em todas as etapas da AssistFar, promovendo uma gestão racional de medicamentos...


The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the restructuring of Pharmaceutical Services (AssistFar) in the city of Aracaju (capital of Sergipe, Brazil). We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal survey, from February to June 2011. A document database generated by the "Materials Management Control System" was analyzed, to assess the pharmaceutical services, by applying the indicators of the Self-Assessment Instrument for Pharmaceutical Services Planning (IAPAF) that are defined in the government-proposed" Planning is Necessary" method, which covers topics referring to the various steps in the "Cycle of Pharmaceutical Services". This instrument was applied to three stages in the practice of AssistFar in the city of Aracaju, within the study period. For each indicator, the quality of each step was graded from 1 to 3, level 3 being the best. Most results showed a strengthening of management after the establishment of procedures and inclusion of strategies for monitoring the quality indicators, for the municipal health plan. Steps towards the institutionalization of management services showedthe best results. In contrast, the step of prescription was considered the most critical of the Cycle. The data showed that the lack of AssistFar development actions contributed to the unsatisfactory results, especially in the steps of prescribing and dispensing, signaling the need to develop a management strategy that aims to recast it. In this scenario, it will be necessary to involve the health teams, plus the pharmacists, in the work at all stages of AssistFar, promoting the rational management of medicines...


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services , Local Health Systems/organization & administration
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 211-218, fev. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704026

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se o consumo de nutrientes e a produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandesa alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes quantidades de inclusão de torta de macaúba. Oito animais foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4x4, sendo quatro tratamentos, 0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de TM na matéria seca da dieta, e quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias, 14 de adaptação e sete de avaliações. A adição de quantidades crescentes de torta de macaúba à dieta alterou o consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos não fibrosos, produção e os teores de lactose, extrato seco desengordurado e sólidos totais do leite, bem como a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da matéria seca. Por outro lado, não foi verificada diferença nos teores de gordura do leite. A adição da TM em até 300g kg-1 da dieta comprometeu o consumo e o desempenho produtivo dos animais.


We evaluated nutrient intake, production and composition of milk from Holstein cows fed feedlot diets with different inclusion levels of macauba meal. Eight animals were divided into two 4x4 latin square designs, four treatments, 0, 100, 200 and 300g kg-1 macauba meal in the dry matter diet, and four experimental periods of 21 days, 14 adaptation and seven evaluation The addition of increasing levels of macauba meal diet alter the intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates, production and concentration of lactose, nonfat dry and total solids in milk, as well as the feed efficiency and digestibility of dry matter. Moreover, there was no difference in the levels of milk fat. The addition of macaúba meal up to 300g kg-1 diet compromised the consumption and production performance of animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Diet/veterinary , Lactation , Milk , Cattle/classification
13.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3,supl.1): 657-662, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727192

ABSTRACT

O uso indiscriminado de Himatanthus drasticus (Janaúba) por pequenos caprinocultores no controle de verminose em pequenos ruminantes foi o que motivou a realização do estudo fitoquímico do mesmo. Cascas da janaúba foram coletadas na mesorregião Leste do Maranhão e conduzidas aos laboratórios de Nutrição da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão e de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Federal do Maranhão para a identificação botânica e fitoquímica pela metodologia da Prospecção Preliminar e CCD, realizando testes para as diversas classes de metabólitos secundários. A partir das cascas do vegetal moído e desidratado foi realizado o preparo do extrato bruto (EB). O material foi colocado em uma mistura hidroalcoólica de EtOH: H2O (7:3 v:v), e submetido a agitação mecânica esporádica. Os Subextratos foram obtidos a partir do EBHA pelo processo de partição líquido-líquido, ETOH: H2O (2:1, v:v). As misturas foram preparadas com os seguintes solventes orgânicos de polaridades crescentes: hexano, acetato de etila e butanol. As análises cromatográficas evidenciaram a presença de grupos de metabólitos secundários no extrato e nos subextratos. As classes de metabólitos secundários que apresentaram maior expressividade na análise de prospecção foram os alcaloides e taninos, enquanto que na analise por CCD foram os flavonoides e terpenos, indicando o potencial da ação farmacológica das cascas de H. drasticus.


The indiscriminate use of the plant Himatanthus drasticus (Janaúba) by small goat farmers to control nematode parasites in small ruminants was the aim of this phytochemical study of the plant. Barks were collected in the eastern mesoregion of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, and sent to the laboratory for botanical and phytochemical identification by the methodology of Preliminary Prospecting and TLC, testing for the various classes of secondary metabolites. From the ground, dehydrated bark, we conducted the preparation of the crude extract (CE). The material was placed in a water-alcohol mixture of EtOH:H2O (7:3 v:v) and subjected to sporadic mechanical agitation. The subextracts were obtained using the HACE process by liquid-liquid partition, ETOH:H2O (2:1, v:v). The mixtures were prepared with organic solvents of increasing polarity, such as hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The GC analysis showed the presence of groups of secondary metabolites in the extract and subextractes. The classes of secondary metabolites that showed greater expressiveness are the alkaloids and tannins, when analyzed by prospecting, and flavonoids and terpenes, when analyzed by TLC, and H. drasticus presents elements indicative of pharmacological action.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Apocynaceae/classification , Data Mining , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plant Bark/metabolism , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Phytochemicals/analysis
14.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3,supl.1): 750-754, 2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727204

ABSTRACT

Muitas plantas são utilizadas pela população para o tratamento e a cura de doenças. Entre elas encontram-se a Persea major Kopp, Piper mollicomum Kunth. e Serjania erecta Radlk. as quais são utilizadas para diversas enfermidades, inclusive para tratar distúrbios do trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos dos extratos dessas três plantas sobre a motilidade gastrointestinal. Camundongos Swiss foram tratados com os extratos pela via oral 1 hora antes da administração de uma solução semisólida de carboximetilcelulose 1,5% e vermelho de fenol 0,05% e, após 15 minutos, o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito intestinal avaliados. O extrato hidroalcoólico da P. major (100 a 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) e o extrato hidroalcoólico da P. mollicomum (100 e 300 mg Kg-1, p.o.) aumentaram o trânsito intestinal. No entanto, somente o extrato da P. major (100 e 300 mg Kg-1) também aumentou o esvaziamento gástrico. O extrato etanólico da S. erecta (100 a 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) não alterou a motilidade gastrointestinal. Estes resultados sugerem que a Persea major e a Piper mollicomum mereçam estudos mais aprofundados em busca de princípios ativos ou matéria vegetal efetiva para o tratamento de distúrbios do trato gastrointestinal como a constipação.


Many plants are popularly used for the treatment and healing of diseases. The Persea major Kopp, Piper mollicomum Kunth. and Serjania erecta Radlk. are used in several illnesses, including the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the extracts of these plants on the gastrointestinal motility. Swiss mice were orally treated with extracts one hour before the administration of a semisolid solution of 1.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.05% phenol red. After 15 minutes, the gastric emptying and intestinal transit were determined. The hydroalcoholic extract of P. major (100 to 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) and the hydroalcoholic extract of P. mollicomum (100 and 300 mg Kg-1, p.o.) increased the intestinal transit. However, only the P. major extract (100 and 300 mg Kg-1) increased the gastric emptying. The ethanolic extract of S. erecta (100 to 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) did not alter the gastrointestinal motility. These results suggest that Persea major and Piper mollicomum can be of interest for further studies in the search of active principles or effective plant material for the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, such as constipation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Plant Extracts/analysis , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology , Lauraceae/classification , Piper/classification , Gastric Emptying/physiology
15.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(4): 819-825, oct.-dic. 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729889

ABSTRACT

Electrocardiographic effects produced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and by ginkgolides A (GA) and B (GB), and bilobalide (BB) were investigated in guinea pig heart mounted in Langendorff apparatus (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in the conditions: 1) control with Tyrode and DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) or BB (n=6), and 3) washout. The results showed that 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml of EGb do not change the electrocardiographic parameters. However, 10 mg/ml of EGb increased the PR interval (PRi) at 21% (p<0.001). This increase was also observed for 50 mM GA (20%, p<0.001) and 70 mM BB (13%, p<0.001), which indicates Ca2+ channel block. However, the 50 mM GB reduced the PRi at 11 % (p<0.001). The GA (23%, p<0.001), GB (16%, p<0.001), and BB (40%, p<0.001) reduced the QT interval (QTi), which suggests the activation of the potassium channel. However, EGb increased QTi (6%, p<0.001). The EGb (28%, p<0.05) and GB (13%, p<0.05) reduced the heart rate. Atrioventricular (AV) block was observed with EGb, GA, and BB. We can conclude that EGb and its terpenoids alter the ECG parameters inducing AV block, which indicates possible arrhythmogenic potential.


Os efeitos eletrocardiográficos produzidos pelo extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb) e gingkolídeos A (GA) e B (GB), e bilobalide (BB) foram investigados em coração de cobaia montado sistema de Langendorff (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Os parâmetros do ECG foram avaliados nas condições: 1) Tyrode e DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) ou BB (n=6) diluídos em DMSO e 3) washout. Os resultados demonstram que 0,1 e 1,0 mg/mL de EGb não alteraram os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. Entretanto, 10 mg/ml de EGb aumentaram o intervalo PR (PRi) em 21% (p<0.001). Esse aumento também foi observado com GA a 50µM (20%, p<0,001) e BB a 70 mM (13%, p<0,001) indicando bloqueio de canais de cálcio. Por outro lado, GB reduziu o PRi (11%, p<0,001). O intervalo QT (QTi) foi reduzido por GA (23%, p<0,001), GB (16%, p<0,001) e BB (40%, p < 0.001) sugerindo uma ativação de canais de potássio. Entretanto, EGb aumentou o QTi (6%, p<0.001). A frequência cardíaca foi reduzida por EGb (28%, p<0.05) e GB (13%, p<0.05). Bloqueios átrio-ventriculares (BAV) foram observados com EGb, GA e BB. Podemos concluir que EGb e os terpenos alteram parâmetros eletrocardiográficos induzindo BAV e demonstrando possível potencial arritmogênico.


Subject(s)
Guinea Pigs , Terpenes/analysis , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Ginkgo biloba/adverse effects , Electrocardiography , Ginkgolides/analysis , Bilobalides/pharmacology , Heart/drug effects
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(11): 968-973, 18/1jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-694029

ABSTRACT

Most of the knowledge of the virulence determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) comes from studies with human strains causing urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis and animal strains causing avian colibacillosis. In this research, we analyzed the phylogenetic background, the presence of 20 ExPEC virulence factors, and the intrinsic virulence potential of 74 E. coli strains isolated in São Paulo, Brazil, from 74 hospitalized patients (43 males and 31 females) with unknown-source bacteremia. Unlike other places in the world, the bacteremic strains originated equally from phylogroups B2 (35%) and D (30%). A great variability in the profiles of virulence factors was noted in this survey. Nevertheless, 61% of the strains were classified as ExPEC, meaning that they possessed intrinsic virulent potential. Accordingly, these strains presented high virulence factor scores (average of 8.7), and were positively associated with 12 of 17 virulence factors detected. On the contrary, the non-ExPEC strains, isolated from 39% of the patients, presented a generally low virulence capacity (medium virulence factor score of 3.1), and were positively associated with only the colicin cvaC gene. These results show the importance of discriminating E. coli isolates that possess characteristics of true pathogens from those that may be merely opportunistic in order to better understand the virulence mechanisms involved in extraintestinal E. coli infections. Such knowledge is essential for epidemiological purposes as well as for development of control measures aimed to minimize the incidence of these life-threatening and costly infections.

17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(4): 359-367, 05/abr. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671394

ABSTRACT

Functional MRI (fMRI) resting-state experiments are aimed at identifying brain networks that support basal brain function. Although most investigators consider a ‘resting-state' fMRI experiment with no specific external stimulation, subjects are unavoidably under heavy acoustic noise produced by the equipment. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of auditory input on the resting-state networks (RSNs). Twenty-two healthy subjects were scanned using two similar echo-planar imaging sequences in the same 3T MRI scanner: a default pulse sequence and a reduced “silent” pulse sequence. Experimental sessions consisted of two consecutive 7-min runs with noise conditions (default or silent) counterbalanced across subjects. A self-organizing group independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data in order to recognize the RSNs. The insula, left middle frontal gyrus and right precentral and left inferior parietal lobules showed significant differences in the voxel-wise comparison between RSNs depending on noise condition. In the presence of low-level noise, these areas Granger-cause oscillations in RSNs with cognitive implications (dorsal attention and entorhinal), while during high noise acquisition, these connectivities are reduced or inverted. Applying low noise MR acquisitions in research may allow the detection of subtle differences of the RSNs, with implications in experimental planning for resting-state studies, data analysis, and ergonomic factors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Brain Mapping/methods , Brain/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Noise , Rest/physiology
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(2): 490-496, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673126

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes porcentagens (0, 10, 20 e 30%) de inclusão da torta de macaúba (TM) no comportamento ingestivo de 24 cordeiros Santa Inês, com média de cinco meses de idade e peso vivo de 23,9kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições, durante 60 dias de confinamento. Foram avaliados os tempos médios despendidos com alimentação, ruminação (TR), ócio (TO), tempo de mastigação total (TMT), eficiência de alimentação (EA MS e EA FDN) e eficiência de ruminação, além do número de bolos ruminados (NBR) e número diário de mastigações merícicas (MMnd). A adição de TM à dieta aumentou linearmente o TR, TMT, NBR, MMnd e EA FDN e reduziu de forma linear o TO, em consequência do maior teor de fibra em detergente neutro das dietas com o coproduto. Mesmo com o aumento no TMT, não foi verificada diferença no consumo e na eficiência de ruminação e alimentação da matéria seca, possivelmente em razão da baixa efetividade de fibra da TM, demonstrando o potencial de utilização desse coproduto na dieta de ovinos em crescimento.


The effects of different percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of inclusion of macauba meal (MM) on the ingestive behavior of 24 Santa Inês male lambs, averaging five months of age and 23.9kg of initial body weight were studied. The animals were allotted to a completely randomized block design with four treatments and six replications during 60 days of confinement. The variables measured were time spent in rumination (TR), idle time (IT), total chewing (TC), power efficiency (PE DM and PE NDF) and efficiency of rumination, as well as the number of ruminated bolus (NRB) and daily number of chews (Cnd). The addition of MM to the diet increased TR, TC, NRB, Cnb and PE NDF linearly, and reduced IT linearly, as a result of higher content of neutral detergent fiber in the diet. Although there was an increase in TC, no difference was verified in the consumption and efficiency of rumination and feeding of DM, possibly due to the low efficiency of fiber, which demonstrates the potential use of this coproduct in the diet of growing sheep.


Subject(s)
Animals , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Dietary Fiber/metabolism , Sheep
19.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 30(1): 21-27, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699326

ABSTRACT

The mdx mice model is widely used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) studies, which is present in a high percentage from newborns human males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible morphological changes from spleens in these mice and to compare with normal mice (Mus musculus) in contribution to DMD understanding and its consequences on immune system by affected individuals. The study was performed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques beyond immunohistochemistry. Was found microscopically an increased number of lymph nodes and decreased in red pulp region by mdx, beyond a larger VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C) expression stimulates lymphangiogenesis in red pulp region from spleen. These findings suggest a spleen adaptation in order to supply immunological demand due upper respiratory infection, which are common in individuals affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/immunology , Immune System , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , Lymphocytes , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Euthanasia, Animal , Mice, Inbred mdx , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
20.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 30(3): 186-190, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699347

ABSTRACT

The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive genetic disease linked to chromosome X. Thisdisease is characterized by an absence or dysfunction in the expression of dystrophin. Experimental modelsmdxare widely used for the development of research addressing the DMD. The objective of this research is tocontribute to a detailed study of possible renal morphological changes resulting from DMD. We used five pairsof kidneys frommdxmice and five from normal mice, which were subjected to measurement, light microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological findings of kidneys frommdxmice are within thepatterns described in animal studies with severe dehydration, which exhibit signs of diffuse hemorrhage inthe cortical and medullary area, while the glomeruli in the cortical region showed a decrease in urinary space,located between the Bowman’s capsule and the inner cell mass of the glomeruli. However, future experimentswith animals in different ages can assist in the proving of the morphological changes found here.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Dehydration , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/complications , Kidney Glomerulus/anatomy & histology , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Animals, Laboratory , Mice, Inbred mdx/anatomy & histology , Euthanasia, Animal , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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